Telegraph system.



I1 KITSEE.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION, FILED FEB. 1, 1909.

983,240. Patented Jan.31, 1911.

wMQ M1 BY My am 0.1% km x manna! ISIDOR KITSEE, OE PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 31, 1911.

Application filed February 1, 1909. Serial No. 475,345.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IsIDoR Krrsnn, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and Stateof Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inTelegraph Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a system of telegraphy, and relatesparticularly, though not exclusively, to telegraphy over a long line orcable, or any circuit or conductor having great capacity.

My invention resides in a telegraph system wherein the received impulsesare powerful, of relatively short duration, and sharply defined,particularly when transmitted over a line or cable having greatcapacity.

lVIy invention resides in a system in which positive and negativeimpulses are transmitted over the line or cable in such manner that atthe receiving end of the line or cable the received impulses arerelatively powerful, sharply defined, and of relatively short duration,such impulses being employed to affect or control a suitable signalinginstrument or translating device.

My invention resides in a telegraph system wherein positive and negativeimpulses are transmitted over the line or cable in such manner thateither the ascending or descending portion of a current wave isrelatively steep; that is to say, in such manner that either theincreasing or decreasingportion of a received current wave shallincrease or decrease relatively sharply or suddenly. And at thereceiving end I employ in connection with the line or cable a converteror transformer in whose secondary circuit there is induced by thesharply rising or sharply falling portion of a received current wave, arelatively powerful and sharply defined impulse, so powerful, in fact,as to be capa ble of elficiently and satisfactorily affecting orcontrolling a relay, whereby a siphon recorder, and kindred apparatusmay be dis pensed with.

By the system herein described, positive and negative impulses succeedeach other on the line or cable and at the receiving end a current wavedies away or decreases very rapidly, and particularly so as comparedwith the building up or increase of the current wave. Each portion ofeach current wave causes an impulse in the secondary of the transformer,the impulse in the secondary corresponding to the slowly rising part ofthe current wave, being relatively weak, while the impulse correspondingwith the rapid dying away of the impulse is relatively powerful andsharply defined and of opposite direction. It follows, therefore, thatfor both a positive and negative current wave impressed upon the line orcable there are produced in the transformer secondary first, a weakimpulse, followed by a strong sharply defined impulse of oppositedirection. And when considering a line impulse of one polarity followedby an impulse of the other polarity, there are produced in thetransformer secondary four impulses, he first and third being weak,while the second and fourth are powerful and sharply defined, the firstand fourth being of one direc tion, and the second and third of oppositedirection.

My invention resides also in an improvement in the art of transmittingintelligence telegraphically, which consists in impressing impulses upona line or cable in such manner that at the receiving end there shall beprodueed powerful and sharply defined im pulses capable of affecting orcontrolling a relay or other suitable device.

For an illustration of one of the forms my invention may take, and ofmeans for carrying out my improved method, reference is to be had to theaccompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of circuits and apparatus involving myinvention and for carrying out my improved method. Fig. 2 is a graphicillustration, by way of example only, of a received line or cableimpulse. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a modification of relay andconnections.

In the drawing, A and D represent separated transmitting and receivingstations connected by a submarine or other cable C, or by any othersuitable circuit or conductor.

At the transmitting station A, k is an operators key connected incircuit with the source of energy 6 and the primary p of a transformer twhose secondary winding 8 is included in circuit with the windings a anda of polarized relays or polarized electromagnetic switches whosetongues or armatures 0 and c are electrically connected together andconnected with the line or cable C. The tongues or armatures 0, 0 arenormally spring retracted into engagement with the contacts 6 and 6respectively. 7 and f are suitable stops, the length and time of travelof the tongues (r, 0 being made as long or short as desired to controlthe lll1- pulses impressed upon the line or ,cable in desired manner.Between the contact 0 and the earth E are connected the source of energyB and the resistance r, and, similarly, between the contact 0 and earthE are connected the source of energy B and the resistance T the sourcesB and B being oppositely connected.

When the operator depresses his key 70, an impulse is induced in thesecondary s causing the tongue or armature 0, for example, to beretracted; the relays or electro-magnetic switches being polarized, theother tongue or armature c is not attracted. The tongue 0 beingseparated from the contact 0, the source B is isolated from the line orcable 0 and the source B accordingly impresses current upon the line orcable. The current in the secondary s is momentary only, however, andthe tongue 0 immediately returns into engagement with c with the resultthat the line or cable is again subjected also to the source B.

When the operator opens the key 70, a second impulse, but in oppositedirection, traverses the windings a and a and this time the tongue 0 isattracted, while 0 remains in contact with e. In consequence, the sourceB is isolated from the cable C and current from source B is impressedupon the line or cable. The tongue 0 immediately returns into engagementwith the contact 6 however, and the line or cable is then againsubjected also to the source B With this transmitting apparatus, ortransmitting apparatus producing a like result, there is normally nocurrent on the line or cable. hen one of the tongues c or c is attractedthe line or cable is subjected to a source of energy with a resultantflow of current over the line or cable and at the receiving end thepotential or current rises relatively slowly as illustrated, by way ofexample merely, by Fig. 2, where the portion al of the current wave 9increases relatively graduallyv Upon restoration of the tongue tonormal, however, the cable is again subjected to both sources B and Band the current instead of dying away gradually dies away sharply orquickly, as represented by the portion it of the current curve g. Then,when the operators key is opened, an impulse of opposite direction isimpressed upon the cable and at the receiving end a second current wave,but of opposite polarity, gradually rises and quickly diminishes as inthe case illustrated in Fig. 2.

It is to be understood that Fi 2 is illustrative only and that I do notwish to be limited in any manner thereby or by the theory of action oroperation advanced.

It would seem that upon the return of a relay tongue to its contact,thus throwing the cable into comnninication with both sources B and B,that the rapid dying away of the cable impulse may be considered to be arapid discharge of the cable, such dis- 2:)

charge being accelerated by the second source of energy which, being ofopposite polarity, may be considered to draw or suck the cable chargefrom the cable, thus making the in1- pulse fall rapidly.

At the receiving station D, the received line or cable impulses traversethe primary P of a transformer T, such primary l. having conductiveconnection to earth E, through conductor The tranformer T is preferablya step-down transformer, that is, the secondary S has fewer convolutionsor turns than the primary P. in circuit with the secondary S is apolarized relay R, shown unbiased, or may be any other suitabletranslating device or instrument.

The slowly rising portion (Z of a curve such as g, of Fig. 2, causes inthe secondary S a relatively weak impulse of current, since the timerequired to rise to a. given a1nplitude is relatively great. lVhen thecable charge falls, however, as represented by the portion 71 it fallsrapidly as indicated and causes a powerful impulse in the secondary S,such impulse being sharply defined and of relatively shorter duration,and of opposite direction to the earlier and weaker impulse. Then, whenthe key it: is opened at the distant transmitting station, an impulse ofopposite polarity is impressed upon the cable and the slowly rising part(Z of that impulse of opposite polarity causes a weak and relativelylong impulse in the secondary S and of a polarity or dir ction the sameas the preceding short and powerful secondary impulse. Then, thesucceeding rapidly diminishing portion 7L causes a short powerfulimpulse in opposite direction in the secondary S. In other words, foreach complete op eration of the key 1': (closure and opening) there arefour impulses produced in the secondary S of the receiving transformer,the first impulse relatively long and weak; the second impulserelatively short and powerful. and of opposite polarity; the thirdimpulse relatively long and weak and of the same polarity as the secondimpulse; and the fourth impulse short and. powerful, and of a polarityopposite to the third impulse.

Assuming the relay R to be unbiased as shown, and its tongue or armaturenormally in engagement with the stop in, the first impulse, long andweak, may be of such polarity as to only hold the tongue 7' more firmlyin contact with the stop at. The succeeding powerful impulse of oppositepolarity, however, will attract the tongue into engagement with thecontact '12 where it will remain. This closes the circuit including thesource of energy 0 and the sounder,

recording device, relay, or any other suitable instrument M. The thirdsecondary impulse is of the same polarity as its predecessor and merelyholds the tongue j the more firmly against the contact m. The fourthimpulse is powerful, however, and of opposite polarity and causes thetongue j to return to stop on. Thus, the tongue j fol lows the movementsof the key it and dots and dashes may be produced by the instrument M.

If the relay R is unbiased, as shown, the instrument M may be eitherbiased or unbiased; and if the relay R is biased, the relay or device Min the local circuit is polarized and unbiased.

In Fi 3, the relay R is assumed to be connected in circuit with thesecondary S as shown in Fig. 1. Here, the relay R is a biased relay, thetongue j being biased to a position midway between the contacts at andn. The tongue j is connected through the winding of the second relay Rto a point between the sources of energy '0 and t0, the source 1) beingconnected to the contact a, while the source 10 is connected to thecontact m. The tongue j of the relay B is unbiased and rests normallyagainst the contact m. In this case, the weak secondary impulses do notmove the tongue j of the relay B;- into engagement with either of thecontacts on or n. The powerful secondary impulses, however, cause therelay tongue to engage the contacts at and n alternately. This causesmomentary energizations of the relay R causing its tongue to move intoengagement with the contacts m and a and to remain in contact with theone or the other until a succeeding impulse of opposite polarity. Thetongue 7' and one of the contacts m or n then control a local circuitsuch as shown in Fig. 1.

Vhile I have shown a local circuit controlled by the relay R in Fig. 1,it is to be understood that such local circuit may be omitted and thereproduction of audible, visible or other signals may be made directlyby the tongue or otherwise used to control their production. And while Ihave shown the transmitting apparatus as involving a transformer t witha key is in the primary, it is to be understood that any other suitablearrangementmay be employed for energizing the windings a and a for shortintervals, or to cause the sources B and B to be controlled asdescribed.

By the system hereinbefore described, it is possible to secure anabruptly changing current at the receiving end of the line or cablethough subjecting the line or cable to a relatively low electro-motiveforce. This is iarticularly advantageous in the case of submarine orother cable telegraphy where, to secure a correspondingly abruptlychanging current at the receiving end, would require that the cable besubjected at the transmitting end to a very high electro-motive force,indeed higher than cable practice permits, because of dangers ofpuncture or breakdown of insulation or other effects following the useof high electro-mot-ive forces.

Vv hat I claim is:

1. its an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence, the method which consists in impressing a current upon aline, causin said current to gradually rise, causing said current todiminish rapidly, and deriving from said line current a signalreproducing current.

2. As an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence over a line or cable having great capacity, the methodwhich consists in impressing current upon the line or cable, allowingthe current to gradually rise, causing said current to diminish rapidly,and deriving from said current signal reproducing current.

3. As an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence over a line or cable having great capacity, the methodwhich consists in impressing current upon said line or cable, allowingsaid current to gradually rise, causing said current to rapidlydiminish, and inductively deriving from said current signal reproducingcurrent.

4. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of means for impressing upon said linea currentgradually rising at the receiving end, means for rapidly diminishingsaid current, a gradually rising and rapidly diminishing impulserepresenting a character, and a signal reproducing instrument controlledby said received current.

5. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of means for impressing upon said line a currentgradually rising at the receiving end, means for rapidly diminishing thereceived current, a gradually rising and rapidly diminishing impulserepresenting a character, and a signal translating instrument controlledby the received current.

6. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of means for impressing upon said line a currentgradually rising at the receiving end, means at the transmitting end forrapidly diminishing said received current, a gradually rising andrapidly diminishing impulse representing a character, and a signaltranslating instrument controlled by said received current.

7. In a telegraph system, the combination instrument controlled by thereceived current.

8. in a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor a current increas: ing and diminishing at the receiving end atwidely different rates, a signal translating instrument, and means forinductively im- Jressin enero' i of the received current n 3011 saidsignal translating instrument.

in a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor a current increasing and din'iinisl'iing at widely ditlerentrates at the receiving end, a relay, and means for inductivelyimpressing the received current upon said relay.

10. In a telegraph system,the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor current gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end, a relay, and means for inductively impressing thereceived current upon said relay.

11. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable a current impulse increasing and diminishing at widelydifferent rates at the receiving end of said line or cable, said impulserepresenting a character, and a signal translating instrument controlledby the received current.

12. in a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, or transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current increasing and diminishing at widely different rates atthe receiving end oi? said line or cable, a signal translatinginstrument, and an inductive connection between said line or cable andsaid signal translating instrument.

13. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable a current impulse increasing and diminishing at widelydifferent rates at the receiving end of said line or cable, said impulserepresenting a character, and a relay controlled by the receivedcurrent.

1+1. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current increasin and diminishing at widely different rates atthe receiving end of said line or cable, a relay, and an inductiveconnection between said line or cable and said relay.

15. In a telegraph syste1n,the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable a current impulse gradually increasing and rapidly diminish ingat the receiving end of said line or cable, said impulse representing acharacter, and a signal translating instrument controlled by thereceived current.

16. In atelegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end of said line or cable, said current representing acharacter, and a relay controlled by the received current.

17. In atelegraph system,the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end of said line or cable, a signal translating instrument,and an inductive connection between said line or cable and said signaltranslating instrument.

18. in a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end 0t said lime or cable, a relay, and an inductiveconnection between said line or cable and said relay.

19. in a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparat :t'or impressing upon said lineor cable current increasing and din'iinishing at widely different ratesat the receiving end of said line or cable, said current representing acharacter, a conductive connection from said line or cable to earth atthe receiving end, and a signal translating instrument controlled by thereceived current.

20. in a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, oi transmitting apparatus for impres. ing upon said lineor cable current increasing and diminishing at widely CllilfQl'Glll?rates at the receiving end of said line or cable, said. currentrepresenting a charzrcter, a conductivc connection from said line orcable to earth atthe receiving end, and a relay controlled by thereceived current.

21. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current increasing and diminishing at widely different rates atthe receiving end of said line or cable, a conductive connection fromsaid line or cable to earth at the receiving end, a signal translatinginstrument, and an inductive connection between said line or cable andsaid signal translating instrument.

22. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineor cable current increasing and diminishing at widely difierent rates atthe receiving end of said line or cable, a conductive connection fromsaid line or cable to earth at the receiving end, a relay, and aninductive connection between said line or cable and said relay.

In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable having greatcapacity, of trai'ismitting apparatus for impressing upon said line orcable a current gradually rising and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end of said line or cable, a conductive connection from saidline or cable to earth at the receiving end, a signal translatinginstrument, and an inductive connection between said line or cable andsaid signal translating instrument.

241-. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impress ing upon said lineor cable a current gradually rising and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end 01" said line or cable, a conductive connection from saidline or cable to earth at the receiving end, a relay, and an inductiveconnection between said line or cable and said relay.

25. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said linea current increasing and diminishing at widely ditferentrates at thereceiving end, a signal translating instrument, and means for derivingfrom a received current impulse a plurality of impulses to control saidsignal translating instrument.

26. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said linea current gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at the receivingend, a signal translating instrument, and means for deriving from saidreceived current a plurality of impulses for controlling said signaltranslating instrument.

27. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of a transmitting apparatus for impressing upon saidline a current gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at thereceiving end, a relay, and means for deriving from said receivedcurrent a plurality of impulses for controlling said relay.

28. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor positive and negative impulses, each impulse increasing anddiminishing at widely different rates at the receiving end, and a signaltranslating instrument controlled by the received impulses.

29. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor positive and negative impulses, each impulse increasing anddiminishing at widely diflerent rates at the receiving end, and a relaycontrolled by the received impulses.

80. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor positive and negative impulses, each impulse graduallyincreasing and rapidly diminishing at the receiving end, and a signaltranslating instrument controlled by the received impulses.

31. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor positive and negative impulses, each impulse graduallyincreasing and rapidly diminishing at the receiving end, and a relaycontrolled by the received impulses.

32. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor positive and negative impulses, each impulse gradually increasing and rapidly diminishing at the receiving end, a signaltranslating instrument, and an inductive connection between said lineconductor and said signal translating instrument, whereby said signaltranslating instrument is subjected to two weak and to two powerfulimpulses for a pair of positive and negative line impulses.

88. In a telegraph system, the co-mblnation with a line conductor havinggreat ca pacity, of transmitting apparatus for impressing upon said lineconductor positive and negative impulses, each impulse graduallyincreasing and rapidly diminishing at the receiving end, a relay, and aninductive connection between said line conductor and said relay, wherebysaid relay is subjected to two weak and to two powerful impulses for apair of positive and negative line impulses.

34. As an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence, the method which consists in impressing positive andnegative impulses upon a line conductor, causing each impulse to risegradually and rapidly diminish at the receiving end, and deriving fromsaid line current a signal reproducing current.

35. As an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence over a line or cable having great capacity, the methodwhich consists in subjecting the line or cable to a potentialdifierence, whereby a current change occurs in the cable at its distantend, and thereafter electrically operating upon said line or cable tocause said current at its distant end to change at a rapid rate, andemploying said rapid rate of change of said current to reproduce asignal.

36. As an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence over a line or cable having great capacity, the methodwhich consists in impressing a current upon the line or cable, causingsaid current to gradually rise, causing said. current to rapidlydiminish, and reproducing a signal in response to the rapidlydiminishing cur rent.

37. As an improvement in the art of electrically transmittingintelligence over a line or cable having great capacity, the methodwhich consists in impressing a current upon the line or cable, causingsaid current at the receiving end of said line or cable to rapidlychange in value, and inductively deriving from said rapidly changingcurrent a signal reproducing current.

38. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat capacity, of transmitting apparatus comprising oppositely disposedsources of energy in communication with said line or cable, and meansfor momentarily isolating one of said sources of energy, and associatedreceiving apparatus comprising a signal translating instrument, and aninductive connection between said line or cable and said instrument.

39. In a telegraph system, the combina tion with a line or cable havinggreat paci'ty, of transi'nitting apparatus comprising oppositelydisposed sources of energy in communication with said line or cable, andmeans for alternately isolating said sources of energy, and associatedreceiving appa ratus comprising a signal translating lllSll'llment, andan inductive connection between said line or cable and said instrument.

lO. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line or cable havinggreat ca-- pacity, of transmitting apparatus comprising oppositelydisposed sources of energy in communication with said line or cable.means for momentarily isolating one of aid sources of energy, andassociated .recei ng apparatus comprising a signal translatinginstrument, and an inductive connection between said line or cable andsaid instrument, said line or cable having a conductive colt nection toearth at the receiving end.

In testimony whereof: I have hereunto afliXed my signature in thepresence of "the two subscribing witnesses.

ISIDOR KIlSlGE.

\Vitnesses [Ennaxon T. ItlCC/ALL, A. F. S'rnINnoon.

